sensors
In this section, we will learn how to interface our Arduino board with different sensors.
Sensors are sophisticated devices that are used to detect and respond to electrical or optical signals. A Sensor converts the physical parameter (for example: temperature, blood pressure, humidity, speed, etc.) into a signal which can be measured electrically.
Criteria to choose a Sensor
There are certain features which have to be considered when we choose a sensor. They are as given below:
1. Accuracy
2. Environmental condition - usually has limits for temperature/ humidity
3. Range - Measurement limit of sensor
4. Calibration - Essential for most of the measuring devices as the readings changes with time
5. Resolution - Smallest increment detected by the sensor
6. Cost
7. Repeatability - The reading that varies is repeatedly measured under the same environment
Classification of Sensors
The sensors are classified into the following criteria:
1. Primary Input quantity (Measurand)
2. Transduction principles (Using physical and chemical effects)
3. Material and Technology
4. Property
5. Application
Classification based on property is as given below:
· Temperature - Thermistors, thermocouples, RTD’s, IC and many more.
· Pressure - Fibre optic, vacuum, elastic liquid based manometers, LVDT, electronic.
· Flow - Electromagnetic, differential pressure, positional displacement, thermal mass, etc.
· Level Sensors - Differential pressure, ultrasonic radio frequency, radar, thermal displacement, etc.
· Proximity and displacement - LVDT, photoelectric, capacitive, magnetic, ultrasonic.
· Biosensors - Resonant mirror, electrochemical, surface Plasmon resonance, Light addressable potentio-metric.
· Image - Charge coupled devices, CMOS
· Gas and chemical - Semiconductor, Infrared, Conductance, Electrochemical.
· Acceleration - Gyroscopes, Accelerometers.
· Others - Moisture, humidity sensor, Speed sensor, mass, Tilt sensor, force, viscosity.
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